UK CAA · CAP 722 · Official NATS data

Everything you need to fly your drone legally in the UK

Ask Maverick — our CAP 722-trained AI — anything: laws, registration, gear, technique. Then check any location on the live map with 1,079 official NATS airspace zones, updated every day.

3,748 drones estimated airborne in the UK right now

1,079

Official NATS airspace zones live on our map

400ft

Absolute legal height limit (120m) for all drones

£11.79

Operator ID annual cost — required for most drones

5 years

Flyer ID validity — the test is completely free

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Live UK drone airspace map with 1,079 official NATS zones
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1,079 live NATS zones · FRZs, danger areas & hot spots · updated daily

The Open Category, in full detail

UK drone rules by weight class

Under 250g

A1 / C0 — e.g. DJI Mini series

  • Fly over people allowed — but NEVER over open-air crowds or assemblies
  • No minimum separation distance from uninvolved people
  • Fly in residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas
  • Flyer ID NOT required (unless you want it) — Operator ID IS required if it has a camera and isn't a toy
  • Still 100% banned inside airport FRZs and restricted airspace
  • Max height 400ft (120m) above ground level, always within visual line of sight

250g – 900g

A2 / C1 — e.g. DJI Air series

  • Flyer ID AND Operator ID both legally required
  • Never fly over uninvolved people — plan flight paths around them
  • Keep 30m horizontal distance from uninvolved people
  • 5m separation allowed in low-speed mode with an A2 Certificate of Competence
  • A2 CofC theory exam ≈ £100 via CAA-approved providers, valid 5 years
  • No flying over crowds under any circumstances

Over 900g – 25kg

A2 CofC / A3 — e.g. Mavic 3, FPV rigs, cine lifts

  • Without A2 CofC: fly ONLY in A3 — 150m away from residential, commercial, industrial and recreational areas
  • Keep at least 50m from uninvolved people at all times in A3
  • 2kg–25kg drones are A3-only in the Open category regardless of certificates
  • Commercial work usually needs a GVC (General VLOS Certificate) + Operational Authorisation (~£1,500 all-in)
  • Commercial flights require EC 785/2004 compliant insurance
  • Over 25kg = Certified category — full aircraft-style regulation

Registration & penalties

Flyer ID, Operator ID and what happens if you break the rules

Flyer ID

FREE
  • 40-question multiple choice test on the CAA website — pass mark 30
  • Valid for 5 years, take it as many times as you like
  • Required for anyone flying a drone 250g+ (or any drone in A2)
  • No minimum age — children can hold a Flyer ID

Operator ID

£11.79 / year
  • Required if your drone weighs 250g+ OR has a camera (toys exempt)
  • Must be 18 or over to register as an operator
  • The Operator ID must be visibly labelled on every drone you own
  • One Operator ID covers all your drones — renew annually

Penalties

Up to 5 years prison
  • Flying unregistered: fines up to £1,000
  • Flying in restricted airspace / over crowds: fines from £2,500 upwards
  • Endangering an aircraft: UNLIMITED fine and up to 5 years imprisonment
  • Police have powers to seize drones and ground pilots on the spot

Know before you launch

Essential facts every UK pilot must know

The 400ft ceiling

120m above ground level is the absolute limit for every drone in the Open category — measured from the ground beneath the drone, so you can follow hillsides upward but never exceed 400ft above the surface.

Airport FRZs

Every protected aerodrome has a Flight Restriction Zone: a 2–2.5 nautical mile cylinder plus 5km × 1km runway protection zones. Flying inside one without Air Traffic Control permission is a criminal offence — even with a 249g drone.

Visual Line of Sight

You must always see your drone with your own eyes (glasses OK, binoculars not). Practical VLOS is roughly 500m horizontally — FPV flying requires a competent observer beside you.

Night flying

Legal in the UK since 2021. The drone should have lit anti-collision lighting, and you must still maintain VLOS — position lights help you keep orientation.

TOAL — Take Off & Landing

Airspace above land is generally free to fly through, but you need the landowner's permission to take off and land. Councils, the National Trust and Royal Parks commonly ban TOAL on their land — launch from public rights of way or permissive land instead.

Danger Areas & HIRTAs

220+ MOD danger areas (live firing, fast jets) and High Intensity Radio Transmission Areas cover the UK. Many are 'active by NOTAM' — check activity before flight. Radio interference can sever your control link above 100ft near HIRTAs.

SSSIs & wildlife

Disturbing protected wildlife with a drone can be an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 — up to £5,000 per offence. Ground-nesting bird season (March–August) is the highest-risk period on moorland and coastal sites.

Insurance

Hobby flying under 20kg needs no insurance by law (though public liability cover such as FPV UK / BMFA membership is smart). ANY commercial flight requires EC 785/2004 compliant insurance — no exceptions.

In-depth guides

Answers to the questions pilots actually ask

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Airspace data from official NATS AIP digital datasets, updated daily. Guidance only — always check NOTAMs and confirm with the CAA Drone Code before flying.